Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat chronic sinus conditions that do not respond to medication. The goal of FESS is to restore normal sinus drainage and improve airflow by removing blockages such as inflamed tissue, polyps, or other obstructions.

How It Works:

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is typically performed under general anesthesia, though local anesthesia with sedation may be used in some cases. The surgeon inserts a thin, flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) through the nostrils to obtain a magnified view of the sinus passages. Using specialized instruments, the surgeon removes blockages such as nasal polyps, swollen tissue, or mucus buildup and widens the sinus openings to restore proper drainage. In some cases, a balloon sinuplasty technique may be used to expand narrowed sinuses, or a PROPEL sinus implant may be placed to keep the sinuses open and deliver anti-inflammatory medication. The procedure usually takes 1-2 hours, and most patients can go home the same day.

Conditions Treated

Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) – Long-term sinus inflammation causing congestion, facial pressure, and recurring infections.

Nasal Polyps – Noncancerous growths in the nasal passages that obstruct airflow and reduce the sense of smell.

Sinus Blockages – Structural abnormalities or inflammation preventing proper drainage.

Recurrent Sinus Infections – Frequent infections that don’t respond to medication.

Deviated Septum (In Some Cases) – Often treated alongside septoplasty to improve nasal airflow.

Mucoceles – Mucus-filled cysts in the sinuses that can cause obstruction and pressure.

Fungal Sinusitis – Chronic fungal infections requiring surgical removal of infected tissue.

Nasal Tumors (Benign or Malignant) – FESS may be used for biopsy or removal of certain nasal tumors.

Benefits of FESS

Minimally Invasive – No external incisions; surgery is performed through the nostrils.

Improved Sinus Drainage – Opens blocked sinuses, reducing mucus buildup and infection risk.

Better Nasal Breathing – Relieves congestion and enhances airflow.

Reduced Sinus Infections – Decreases the frequency and severity of sinus infections.

Enhanced Sense of Smell & Taste – Helps restore lost sensory function in some patients.

Faster Recovery – Less downtime compared to traditional sinus surgery.

Lower Dependence on Medications – Reduces the need for long-term steroid sprays, antibiotics, or decongestants.

Customized Treatment – Can be tailored to the patient’s specific sinus issues.

Long-Term Symptom Relief – Many patients experience lasting improvements in sinus health.

Recovery

Recovery involves nasal irrigation with saline rinses, avoiding strenuous activities or nose blowing, and attending follow-up visits to monitor healing. While FESS is minimally invasive and offers significant relief, potential risks include minor bleeding, infection, scarring, or, in rare cases, complications affecting the eyes or brain due to the sinuses’ proximity to these structures.